Autism tests › DISCO & 3di
DISCO and 3di: the interview instruments of the UK and Europe
Outside North America — especially in UK NHS pathways — two comprehensive interviews often take the role the ADI-R plays elsewhere.
DISCO — Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders
| Type | Diagnostic instrument — comprehensive caregiver interview |
|---|---|
| Age range | Any age, childhood through adulthood |
| Format | An extensive structured interview (typically 2–4 hours) covering development, skills, and behavior across the whole life so far |
| Origin | Developed by Lorna Wing and Judith Gould — the researchers who shaped the modern concept of the autism spectrum |
The DISCO's philosophy is dimensional: rather than only checking diagnostic boxes, it builds a full profile of strengths, needs, and untypical development — which many clinicians value precisely because the output is a description you can plan support around, not just a yes/no. It's also notably well-suited to adults and to people whose presentation doesn't fit textbook patterns.
3di — Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview
| Type | Diagnostic instrument — computerized caregiver interview |
|---|---|
| Age range | Children and adolescents (adult version exists) |
| Format | ~90 minutes; software-guided questions with algorithmic scoring, dimensional output |
| Origin | Developed by David Skuse's group at Great Ormond Street / UCL, London |
The 3di covers similar ground to the ADI-R in half the time, produces dimensional scores rather than only cutoffs, and simultaneously screens for common co-occurring conditions (ADHD, anxiety and others) — a practical advantage, since co-occurrence is the rule rather than the exception.
In an NHS-style assessment you'll typically see: referral (GP, health visitor, or school) → multidisciplinary team → one of these interviews with parents + an observational assessment of the child (often ADOS-2) + school/nursery observation → team conclusion against ICD-11 criteria. UK guidance (NICE) asks services to start assessment within 3 months of referral; real waits are often far longer — the same advice applies as everywhere: get on the list early, and pursue support in parallel rather than waiting for the diagnosis.
Medical disclaimer: Educational information only. The DISCO and 3di belong to their respective authors and institutions. This page cannot diagnose anyone; consult a qualified clinician.